Diabetic Drugs

Diabetes Medication Article

This table lists oral antidiabetes medications, their manufacturers, approval dates, and information about how to take the medication.

Category	Action	Generic Name	Brand Name	Manufacturer	Approval Date	Comments
Sulfonylurea	Stimulates beta cells to release more insulin	Chlorpropamide	Diabinese	Pfizer	10/58	Generally taken one to two times daily, before meals; can have interactions with other drugs. First generation sulfonylurea (older drug)
		Glipizide	Glucotrol	Pfizer	5/84	Second generation used in smaller doses than first generation
		Glyburide	DiaBeta/ Micronase/Glynase	Aventis, Pharmacia and Upjohn	5/84
		Glimepiride	Amaryl	Aventis	11/95
Meglitinide	Works with similar action to sulfonylureas	Repaglinide	Prandin	Novo Nordisk	12/97	Taken before each of three meals
Nateglinide	Works with similar action to sulfonylureas	Nateglinide	Starlix	Novartis	12/00	Taken before each of three meals
Biguanide	Sensitizes the body to the insulin already present	Metformin	Glucophage	Bristol Myers Squibb	3/95	Taken two times daily with food for best results
		Metformin (long lasting)	Glucophage XR	Bristol Myers Squibb	10/00
		Metformin with glyburide	Glucovance	Bristol Myers Squibb	7/00
Thiazolidinedione (Glitazone)	Helps insulin work better in muscle and fat; lowers insulin resistance	Rosiglitazone	Avandia	SmithKline Beecham (now GlaxoSmithKline)	5/99	Taken once or twice daily with food; very rare but serious effect on liver
Thiazolidinedione (Glitazone)		Pioglitazone	Actos	Takeda Pharmaceuticals	7/99
Alpha-Glucose Inhibitor	Slows or blocks the breakdown of starches and certain sugars; action slows the rise in blood sugar levels following a meal	Acarbose	Precose	Bayer	9/95	Should be taken with first bite of meal
Alpha-Glucose Inhibitor		Miglitol	Glyset	Pharmacia and Upjohn	12/96	Should be taken with first bite of meal

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